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Urine tests

Explore the names and measurements on a urinalysis report.

Explore urine

What a urinalysis reports, and why several rows share names with blood tests

Three examinations printed as one page — appearance, a chemical dipstick, and a look under a microscope. Plus the naming collision that makes a urine row look like a blood result.

Urine Color

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Appearance

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine pH

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Specific Gravity

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Protein

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Glucose

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Ketones

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Blood

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Bilirubin

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Urobilinogen

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Nitrite

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Leukocyte Esterase

Urine test · what the test measures.

Urine Pus Cells (WBC)

Reported in /HPF.

Urine RBC

Reported in /HPF.

Urine Epithelial Cells

Reported in /HPF.

Urine Casts

Reported in /LPF.

Urine Crystals

Reported in /HPF.

Reading the report

What the H and L flags on a lab report actually assert

A flag compares your number to the range printed beside it on that page — nothing more. What it does not tell you, and why healthy people collect them.

Why the same blood test has different "normal" ranges at different labs

Reference intervals are built from each lab's own population and equipment, which is why two labs can print different ranges for the same sample.

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