A urinalysis prints more rows than almost anything else on a routine report, and they come from three separate examinations of the same sample.
MedlinePlus: "Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine."
Those three words — physical, chemical, microscopic — are the three blocks on the page.
1. The physical exam: how it looks
The first rows are observations rather than measurements. The sample is checked for whether it is "clear or cloudy" and for its colour, which ranges from pale to dark yellow or other hues.
Colour and appearance are therefore descriptive terms rather than numbers, which is why they carry no reference interval in the usual sense and cannot be charted.
2. The chemical exam: the dipstick
MedlinePlus describes the method: "A special strip (dipstick) is used to test for substances in the urine sample. The strip has pads of chemicals that change color when they come in contact with substances of interest."
The pads cover specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, red blood cells, bilirubin and nitrites, with urobilinogen and leukocyte esterase commonly alongside.
Two things follow from it being a colour-change strip. Results are often reported as categories — negative, trace, 1+, 2+ — rather than as continuous values. And a category is not a quantity: two consecutive "1+" results are not evidence that a number held steady.
Specific gravity is the odd one out, and worth knowing: it describes how concentrated the urine is. Because concentration affects every other pad on the strip, it is context for the rest of the block rather than a finding on its own.
3. The microscopic exam
The sample is then examined under a microscope to "Check if there are any cells, urine crystals, urinary casts, mucus, and other substances" and to "Identify any bacteria or other germs."
This is where RBCs, pus cells / WBCs, epithelial cells, casts and crystals come from. These are counts or descriptions per field of view, which is a different kind of measurement again — and why they are usually reported as ranges like "2–4 /hpf" rather than as a single value.
The naming collision
This is the part that matters most for anyone keeping records, and it catches people out.
A urinalysis prints rows called GLUCOSE, PROTEIN, BILIRUBIN and BLOOD. None of them is the blood test of the same name. A urine glucose is not a blood glucose. A urine protein is not a total protein.
They measure different fluids, they use different methods, and they have entirely different reference intervals. Plotted on one chart with their blood namesakes they would be nonsense.
Why some rows stay unmapped in Arkalife
Because a printed name alone cannot always resolve which test was run. A bare "GLUCOSE" on a report could be either, and guessing wrong files a urine result into a blood-sugar history permanently.
Where the specimen is genuinely ambiguous, the reading is stored and displayed exactly as the lab printed it, and simply left off the chart. A row that appears but is not plotted is the correct outcome there — the alternative is a confident wrong answer, and this is the one place where being unmapped is the honest result rather than a gap.